Author(s): RodrÃguez L, Cervantes E, Ortiz R
Infectious disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, particularly in children. Increasing evidence suggests that protein-calorie malnutrition is the underlying reason for the increased susceptibility to infections observed in these areas. Moreover, certain infectious diseases also cause malnutrition, which can result in a vicious cycle. Malnutrition and bacterial gastrointestinal and respiratory infections represent a serious public health problem. The increased incidence and severity of infections in malnourished children is largely due to the deterioration of immune function; limited production and/or diminished functional capacity of all cellular components of the immune system have been reported in malnutrition. In this review, we analyze the cyclical relationship between malnutrition, immune response dysfunction, increased susceptibility to infectious disease, and metabolic responses that further alter nutritional status. The consequences of malnutrition are diverse and included: increased susceptibility to infection, impaired child development, increased mortality rate and individuals who come to function in suboptimal ways.
Referred From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21695035
Author(s): Khan WA, Griffiths JK, Bennish ML
Author(s): Khan WA, Dhar U, Salam MA, Griffiths JK, Rand W, et al.
Author(s): Patwari AK
Author(s): Clemens JD, Stanton B, Stoll B, Shahid NS, Banu H, et al.
Author(s): Ahmed F, Clemens JD, Rao MR, Sack DA, Khan MR, et al.
Author(s): Dey SK, Chisti MJ, Das SK, Shaha CK, Ferdous F, et al.
Author(s): Ferdous F, Ahmed S, DAS SK, Farzana FD, Latham JR, et al.
Author(s): Rahman M, De Leener K, Goegebuer T, Wollants E, Van der Donck I, et al.
Author(s): Rahman M1, Sultana R, Ahmed G, Nahar S, Hassan ZM, et al.
Author(s): Qadri F, Khan AI, Faruque AS, Begum YA, Chowdhury F, et al.
Author(s): Qadri F, Das SK, Faruque AS, Fuchs GJ, Albert MJ, et al.
Author(s): Qadri F, Azim T, Chowdhury A, Hossain J, Sack RB, et al.
Author(s): Rahman M, Sack DA, Mahmood S, Hossain A
Author(s): Talukder KA, Islam Z, Islam MA, Dutta DK, Safa A, et al.
Author(s): de Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E
Author(s): Haider R, Rasheed S, Sanghvi TG, Hassan N, Pachon H, et al.
Author(s): Kotloff KL, Winickoff JP, Ivanoff B, Clemens JD, Swerdlow DL, et al.
Author(s): Meremikwu MM, Asindi AA, Antia-Obong OE
Author(s): Ashida H1, Nakano H, Sasakawa C
Author(s): Ashida H, Ogawa M, Kim M, Mimuro H, Sasakawa C
Author(s): Galán JE
Author(s): Rahman MM, McFadden G
Author(s): Brown KH, Parry L, Khatun M, Ahmed G
Author(s): Gurwith MJ, Williams TW
Author(s): Nathoo KJ, Porteous JE, Siziya S, Wellington M, Mason E
Author(s): Hossain S, Biswas R, Kabir I, Sarker S, Dibley M, et al.
Author(s): Schroeder GN, Hilbi H
Author(s): Kabir I, Butler T, Underwood LE, Rahman MM
Author(s): Henry FJ, Alam N, Aziz KM, Rahaman MM
Author(s): Rahman MJ, Sarker P, Roy SK, Ahmad SM, Chisti J, et al.
Author(s): Raqib R, Roy SK, Rahman MJ, Azim T, Ameer SS, et al.