Author(s): Niemetz R, Gross GG
Gallotannins and ellagitannins, the two subclasses of hydrolyzable tannins, are derivatives of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose. Enzyme studies with extracts from oak leaves (Quercus robur, syn. Quercus pedunculata; Quercus rubra) and from staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) revealed that this pivotal intermediate is synthesized from beta-glucogallin (1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose) by a series of strictly position-specific galloylation steps, affording so-called 'simple' gallotannins, i.e., mono- to pentagallyoylglucose esters. Besides its role as starter molecule, beta-glucogallin was also recognized as the principal energy-rich acyl donor required in these transformations. Subsequent pathways to 'complex' gallotannins have recently been elucidated by the isolation of five different enzymes from sumac leaves that were purified to apparent homogeneity. They catalyzed the beta-glucogallin-dependent galloylation of pentagallyoylglucose to a variety of hexa- and heptagalloylglucoses, plus several not yet characterized higher substituted analogous galloylglucoses. With respect to the biosynthesis of ellagitannins, postulates that had been formulated already decades ago were proven by the purification of a new laccase-like phenol oxidase from leaves of fringe cups (Tellima grandiflora) that regio- and stereospecifically oxidized pentagallyoylglucose to the monomeric ellagitannin, tellimagrandin II. This compound was further oxidized by a similar but different laccase-like oxidase to yield a dimeric ellagitannin, cornusiin E.
Referred From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16153405
Author(s): Quinn J
Author(s): Davis DW, Oelke EA, Oplinger ES, Doll JD, Hanson CV, et al.
Author(s): Ehlers JD, Hall AE
Author(s): Martins LMV, Xavier GR, Rangel FW, Ribeiro JRA, Neves MCP, et al.
Author(s): Jayathilake C, Visvanathan R, Deen A, Bangamuwage R, Jayawardana BC, et al.
Author(s): Makela MP, Jokinen K, Kontturi M, Peltonen-Sainio M, Pehu E, et al.
Author(s): Barth C, Moeder W, Klessig DF, Conklin PL
Author(s): Barth C, De Tullio M, Conklin PL
Author(s): Domokos-Szabolcsy E
Author(s): Garg OP, Kapoor V
Author(s): Mukherjee SP, Choudhuri MA
Author(s): Gonzalez-Reyes JA, Hidalgo A, Caler JA, Palos R, Navas P
Author(s): Bartoli CG, Yu J, Gomez F, Fernandez L, Mcintosh L, et al.
Author(s): Ejaz B, Sajid ZA, Aftab F
Author(s): Locatelli C, Leal PC, Yunes RA, Nunes RJ, Creczynski-PasaTB
Author(s): Dai J, Mumper RJ
Author(s): Ozfidan-Konakci C, Yildiztugay E, Kucukoduk M
Author(s): Zhu YG, Pilon-Smits EAH, Zhao FJ, Williams PN, Meharg AA
Author(s): Sors TG, Ellis DR, Na GN, Lahner B, Lee S, et al.
Author(s): Huang B, Zhang J, Hou J, Chen C
Author(s): Domokos-Szabolcsy E, Marton L, Sztrik A, Babka B, Prokisch J, et al.
Author(s): Zhang J, Wang X, Xu T
Author(s): Pignocchi C, Foyer CH
Author(s): Darvishan M, Tohidi-Moghadam HR, Zahedi H
Author(s): Dolatabadian A, Sanavy SAMM, Chashmi NA (2008)
Author(s): Barh D, Srivastava HC, Mazumdar BC
Author(s): Yun X, Zijian W, Wenhua W, Peng An
Author(s): Chu J, Xiaoqin Y, Zhang Z
Author(s): Haghighi M, Abolghasemi R, Teixeira da Silva JA
Author(s): Bergmeyer HU
Author(s): Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randell RJ
Author(s): Umbriet WW, Burris RH, Stauffer JF
Author(s): Hartikainen H, Xue T, Piironen V
Author(s): Garcia-Bañuelos LM, Hermosillo-Cerec MA, Sanchez E
Author(s): Malik JA, Kumar S, Thakur P, Sharma S, Kaur R, et al.
Author(s): Razaji A, Asli DE, Farzanian M (2012)
Author(s): Jan SA, Bibi N, Shinwari ZK, Rabbani MA, Ullah S, et al.
Author(s): Ahmed I, Basra SMA, Wahid A
Author(s): Naz H, Akram NA, Ashraf M
Author(s): Lu CM, Zhang CY, Wu JQ, Tao MX
Author(s): Fujikura Y, Karssen CM
Author(s): Farooq M, Basra SMA, Wahid A, Khaliq A, Kobayashi N
Author(s): Abdul Khaliq, Aslam F, Matloob A, Hussain S, Geng M, et al.
Author(s): Maiti BR, Sengupta S
Author(s): Khan TA, Mazid M, Mohammad F
Author(s): Terzi R, Kalaycıoglu E, Demiralay M, Saglam A, Kadioglu A
Author(s): Patel RG, Mankad AU
Author(s): Shu K, Liu XD, Xie Q, He ZH
Author(s): Li C, Li J, Chong K, Harter K, Lee Y, et al.
Author(s): Morton LW, Abu-Amsha CR, Puddey IB, Croft KD
Author(s): Mozafariyan M, Kamelmanesh MM, Hawrylak-Nowak B
Author(s): Djanaguiraman M, Devi DD, Shanker AK, Sheeba A, Bangarusamy U
Author(s): Hawrylak-Nowak B, Matraszek R, Pogorzelec M
Author(s): FrÄ czek A, Pasterniak K
Author(s): Smrkolj P, Germ M, Kreft I, Stibilj V
Author(s): Bailly C, Benamar A, Corbineau F, Come D
Author(s): Bailly C
Author(s): Germ M, Stibilj V, Kreft I
Author(s): Niu J, Zhao L, Fan Y, Shi S, He L, et al.
Author(s): Munir N, Naz S, Aslam F, Shahzadi K, Javad S
Author(s): Malerba M, Cerana R
Author(s): Wang JD, Wang X, Wong JS
Author(s): Van Hoewyk D
Author(s): Fu LH, Wang XF, Eyal Y, She YM, Donald LJ, et al.